Built-ins
Built-in Namespaces
Serez Code ships with built-in namespaces available everywhere without imports. OS/hardware namespaces (Terminal, OS, Env, Time, System) require explicit permission declarations.
Math
All math functions are called as Math.functionName(args):
out Math.PI // → 3.141592653589793 out Math.E // → 2.718281828459045 // Rounding out Math.floor(3.9) // → 3 out Math.ceil(3.1) // → 4 out Math.round(3.5) // → 4 out Math.trunc(-3.9) // → -3 (toward zero) // Basic out Math.abs(-7) // → 7 out Math.sqrt(16.0) // → 4.0 out Math.pow(2.0, 10.0) // → 1024.0 // Min / max / clamp out Math.min(3, 1, 4, 1, 5) // → 1 out Math.max(3, 1, 4, 1, 5) // → 5 out Math.clamp(15, 0, 10) // → 10 // Logarithms out Math.log(Math.E) // → 1.0 out Math.log2(8.0) // → 3.0 out Math.log10(1000.0) // → 3.0 // Random — decimal in [0, 1) out Math.random()
Trigonometry
All trig functions use radians:
out Math.sin(Math.PI / 2.0) // → 1.0 out Math.cos(0.0) // → 1.0 out Math.tan(Math.PI / 4.0) // → ~1.0 out Math.atan2(1.0, 1.0) // → 0.785... (π/4) // Degrees → radians helper let deg = 90.0 let rad = deg * Math.PI / 180.0 out Math.sin(rad) // → 1.0
File I/O
Read and write files with the File namespace:
// Write a file (creates it if it doesn't exist, overwrites if it does)
File.write("data.txt", "Hello, world!")
// Check if it exists
out File.exists("data.txt") // → true
// Read the whole file as a string
let content = File.read("data.txt")
out content // → Hello, world!
// Create an empty file (no-op if it already exists)
File.create("log.txt")Binary files
// Read raw bytes — returns [int] where each value is 0-255
let bytes = File.read_asBinary("image.png")
out bytes.length // number of bytes
// Write raw bytes
File.write_asBinary("copy.png", bytes)Extended file system methods
// List directory contents
let entries = File.listDir("./src")
out entries // → [main.sz, utils.sz, ...]
// Create a directory (including parent dirs)
File.mkdir("output/logs")
// File metadata
let stat = File.stat("data.txt")
out stat.size // → bytes
out stat.isDir // → false
out stat.modified // → Unix ms timestamp
// Rename / move (requires unsafe)
unsafe {
File.rename("old.txt", "new.txt")
}
// Delete file or directory (requires unsafe)
unsafe {
File.delete("temp_dir")
}Practical example — save and load JSON data
let data <string, any> = (
{"name", "Sergio"},
{"score", 42},
{"active", true}
)
// Save
File.write("save.json", JSON.stringify(data))
// Load
let loaded = JSON.parse(File.read("save.json"))
out loaded["name"] // → SergioJSON
Serialize any value to JSON and parse it back:
// Stringify — works with any value
out JSON.stringify(42) // → "42"
out JSON.stringify(true) // → "true"
out JSON.stringify([1, 2, 3]) // → "[1,2,3]"
let user <string, any> = ({"name", "Sergio"}, {"age", 28})
out JSON.stringify(user)
// → {"name":"Sergio","age":28}
// Parse — returns the equivalent Serez value
let json = '{"x": 10, "y": 20}'
let obj = JSON.parse(json)
out obj["x"] // → 10
// Round-trip
let original = [1, "hello", true, null]
let json_str = JSON.stringify(original)
let parsed = JSON.parse(json_str)
out parsed[1] // → helloPermissions
OS/hardware namespaces are sandboxed by default. Grant access with a three-level permission model:
// Level 1 — serez.json (project-wide)
// { "permissions": ["Terminal", "OS", "Env"] }
// Level 2 — file-level
use permissions { OS, Time }
// Level 3 — operation-level (unsafe required for destructive ops)
unsafe {
OS.exec("git", ["status"])
File.delete("temp.txt")
}Terminal
Interact with the terminal emulator — keyboard, mouse, cursor, raw mode. Requires use permissions { Terminal }.
use permissions { Terminal }
// Terminal size
let size = Terminal.getSize()
out "Cols: {size[0]}, Rows: {size[1]}"
// Clear screen and move cursor
Terminal.clear()
Terminal.setCursor(0, 0)
// Write raw byte to stdout (e.g. ANSI ESC = 27)
Terminal.writeByte(27)
// Raw mode + keyboard + mouse (all require unsafe)
unsafe {
Terminal.setRawMode(true)
Terminal.enableMouse(true)
let evt = Terminal.readEvent()
if (evt.type == "key") {
out "Key: {evt.code}" // "a", "Enter", "Esc", "F1", ...
out "Mods: {evt.modifiers}" // ["ctrl"], ["shift"], ...
} else if (evt.type == "mouse") {
out "Mouse {evt.kind} at {evt.col},{evt.row}"
out "Button: {evt.button}" // "left", "right", "middle"
} else if (evt.type == "resize") {
out "New size: {evt.cols}x{evt.rows}"
}
Terminal.enableMouse(false)
Terminal.setRawMode(false)
}OS
Process and operating system information. Requires use permissions { OS }.
use permissions { OS }
out OS.platform() // → "windows" | "linux" | "macos"
out OS.pid() // → current process ID
// Execute external command (requires unsafe)
let result = null
unsafe {
result = OS.exec("git", ["log", "--oneline", "-5"])
}
out result.stdout // command output
out result.code // exit code (0 = success)
// Kill a process by PID (requires unsafe)
unsafe {
OS.kill(1234)
}Env
Environment variables and command-line arguments. Requires use permissions { Env }.
use permissions { Env }
out Env.get("HOME") // → "/Users/sergio" or null if not set
out Env.get("PATH") // → full PATH string
let args = Env.args() // command-line args including program name
out args.length
// Set env var (requires unsafe — not thread-safe)
unsafe {
Env.set("MY_VAR", "hello")
}
out Env.get("MY_VAR") // → helloTime
Timestamps and sleep. Requires use permissions { Time }.
use permissions { Time }
let t1 = Time.now() // Unix timestamp in milliseconds
Time.sleep(500) // pause 500ms
let t2 = Time.now()
out t2 - t1 // → ~500System
Read-only system information. Requires use permissions { System }.
use permissions { System }
out System.cpuCount() // → 15 (logical cores)
out System.totalMemory() // → 34279034880 (bytes)
out System.freeMemory() // → 13000000000 (bytes)
out System.hostname() // → "DESKTOP-XYZ"
out System.uptime() // → 168517 (seconds since boot)